“Manifestation through relaxation, creation through surrender, building up through letting go, power through effortlessness. The painting of your life painting itself. Here, Now, is where you live, work, play, rest, sleep and eventually die.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Hgc5oCQij4
Over the last few years, cannabis and the endocannabinoid system have emerged as a topic
of interest among both patients and within the scientific community. The involvement of endocannabinoids in several conditions, diseases and physiological dysfunction has attracted intense scrutiny. The endogenous cannabinoid system (ECS), is one of the more important physiological system involved in establishing and maintaining human health.
Endocannabinoids named after the cannabis plant and their receptors, CB1 and CB2, are
found throughout the body: in the brain, organs, connective tissues, glands, and immune cells. In each tissue, the ECS performs different tasks with the goal of maintaining homeostasis,
the maintenance of a stable internal environment despite fluctuations in the external environment.
The Endocrine System.
Is the collection of glands in the body that secrete hormones into the bloodstream to be carried towards distant target organs. The central neuroendocrine systems is the interface between the brain and the rest of the endocrine systems. The part of the brain that balances the release of hormones in the body is called the hypothalamus and sits right on top of the pituitary gland where it regulates stress, metabolism, growth, reproduction, and lactation.
All of these processes are regulated by the hypothalamus releasing or inhibiting the release
of hormones by the pituitary gland. The release of pituitary hormones affects downstream physiological functions. Other hypothalamic neuroendocrine cells control water/salt balance, and lactation and childbirth, through the release of vasopressin and oxytocin. Together, these hypothalamic neuroendocrine functions enable the central nervous system to respond rapidly to internal or external environmental change, and to maintain a response through endocrine hormonal transducers.
The endocannabinoid system modulates the regulation of the neuroendocrine system, which regulates organ function, stress response and helps maintain a healthy balance across the neuroendocrine system and related physiological body system. The endocrine system is the collection of glands in the body that secrete hormones into the bloodstream to be carried towards distant target organs. The central neuroendocrine system is the interface between the brain and the rest of the endocrine systems.
The hypothalamus is the part of the brain that balances the release or inhibition of release of hormones in the body. The hypothalamus sits right on top of the pituitary gland which releases hormones that regulate stress, metabolism, growth, reproduction, and lactation. The function of the central neuroendocrine system, including the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, is to enable the central nervous system to respond rapidly to internal or external environmental change. All the while maintaining a response through endocrine hormonal transducers. The ECS modulates the regulation of the neuroendocrine system, which regulates organ function, stress response and helps maintain a healthy balance across the neuroendocrine system and related physiological body system.
Targeting the Endocannabinoid System for Endocrine Regulation;
https://www.marijuanadoctors.
com/resources/effects-
cannabis-central-nervous-system/
Cannabinoids in cannabis have long been known to be able to affect the secretion of pituitary hormones. By way of the ECS: cannabinoids regulate our hormonal balance, both up and down, through a direct effect on the organs themselves. The stimulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which is a crucial neuroendocrine response to stress and is dependent on CB1 receptor-mediated signaling. By also activating the CB1 receptors in the hypothalamus which results in a signaling cascade that ultimately inhibits overall neuroendocrine function. Stress is well known to affect endocrine function and a poorly regulated endocrine system can lead to major health problems.
The endocrine response, as part of the HPA axis, is central to its regulation. Up until a few years ago, the stimulatory effects of cannabinoids on the HPA axis was considered as an exception. The commonly accepted view of the ECS was that it played a general inhibitory role on neuroendocrine functions. We now understand that cannabinoids can have both stimulatory and inhibitory effects on the HPA axis which is how it’s able to modulate its regulation. These biphasic effects of cannabinoids, both stimulatory and inhibitory, are increasingly revealing themselves as we look closer at the interactions between the ECS and the endocrine system.
Cannabidiol (CBD)
This brings us to the cannabinoid du jour, cannabidiol or CBD. Long playing the second fiddle to the more active tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). CBD does not interact strongly with either the CB1 or CB2 receptors. Instead, it is able to increase endocannabinoid tone by inhibiting fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), and enzyme that breaks down cannabinoids in the body. FAAH inhibitors may be may be helpful for people with anxiety-related disorders because they appear to improve the regulation of the HPA axis.
It’s unknown precisely how this happens, how this happens but it appears they help to modulate the sensitivity of the cannabinoid receptors in the body. In addition to its stimulatory effects on HPA, the ECS plays a critical inhibitory role in regulating HPA functions. Researchers have found that endocannabinoid signaling negatively modulates the stress-induced activation of the HPA axis, confirming the notion an increase in ECS signaling activity may constitute a novel approach to improving the lives of people with anxiety-related disorders.
. https://www.
thecannabisadvisory.com/cbd_
news/what-is-endocannabinoid-system/
In yet but another study from the Journal of Neuroendocrinology in 2008 that focused on
the major components of the ECS in bone metabolism. The two main endogenous cannabinoids, 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and anandamide, are densely concentrated in
the body’s osteoblasts and osteoclasts, bone forming and bone resorbing cells. The two main receptors in the ECS, CB1 and CB2 receptors, are both implicated in the activity of these bone cells. Non-endocannabinoid related studies have investigated the influence of the sympathetic nervous system, specifically the adrenaline receptors, on bone remodeling. CB1 receptors have been well researched in the brain and autonomic nervous system.
CB1 receptors in the synaptic terminals of neurons work in a retrograde manner to modulate the release of key neurotransmitters like dopamine, serotonin, glutamate, GABA, and others. New literature demonstrates that CB1 receptors are densely located at the synaptic terminals
of sympathetic nerves’ connections directly to bone cells. The activation of these bone CB1 receptors inhibits the release of adrenaline hormones and homeostatically modulates the formation of bone tissue. The body must be able to attain an ideal balance between sympathetic (fight or flight) and parasympathetic (rest, recovery) nervous system activity
to prevent age-related bone loss and osteoporosis.
Researchers have demonstrated that the activation of CB2 receptors stimulates bone formation and inhibits bone resorption. Additionally, the lack of CB2 receptors accelerates age-related bone loss. Data exhibits CBD can improve fracture healing because of its interaction with CB2 receptors influencing the cross-linking enzymes in bone remodeling following internal damage (osteoporosis, osteopenia) and external damage (fractures, contusions). This identifies an essential role of the ECS in maintaining the integrity of the bone mass and bone density following fractures and in common age-related bone loss.
Research in the ECS modulation of the autonomic nervous system overlaps research in CHIROPRACTIC stating the spinal adjustments are able to directly influence the activity of the brain and central nervous system and modulating sympathetic stress tone and parasympathetic relaxation tone over all organs. The impact of the human endocannabinoid system in maintaining homeostasis is congruent with autonomic nervous system modulation
of homeostasis of bone metabolism.
https://www.advancedhealing.
com/stress-and-injury-
negatively-impacts-anandimide-
and-our-endocannabinoid-system/
https://nnlifestyle.com/cbd-
and-its-effect-on-blood-pressure/
How the endocannabinoid system
affect the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system
The nervous system can be divided into the central (brain, spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system (sympathetic, parasympathetic and enteric nervous system (ENS)). Endocannabinoid receptors are expressed in the central and the peripheral nervous system as well as on other associated cell types; the most common receptor is CB1. The main function of the ECS is to suppress the release of other neurotransmitters.
The responsiveness of the cannabinoid receptor is dynamic and generates different physiological effects, depending on the region of its expression. Some implications for cannabis as potential candidate for the treatment of neurologic, neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders are introduced here. The central nervous system (CNS) is comprised of the nervous structures in the brain and spinal cord that compute sensory stimuli entering from the periphery. Furthermore, CNS controls voluntary movement and is the seat of unconscious and conscious thought processes (cognition and emotion). The nervous tissue can be roughly divided into grey and white matter due to its macroscopic appearance in organ sections.
The grey matter is located in the outer area of the brain and in the inner area of the spinal cord. It primarily consists of neuronal cell bodies. Whereas, The white matter is mainly comprised of the projections of these neurons (axons, myelinated with glia cells), the) nerve fibers connect the neurons for the transmission of signals. Topographically distinct from the CNS, the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is located outside of the skull and the vertebral canal. It is primarily comprised of the spinal nerves and connects the CNS with the effect our organs.
The peripheral nervous systems can further be subdivided into the somatic nervous system (voluntary nervous system; controls skeletal muscles) and the vegetative / autonomic nervous system (involuntary nervous system, controls vital functions such as breathing, digestion, metabolism, sexual organs and reflexes).
The vegetative nervous system consists of two antagonistic systems, the sympathetic (puts the body into elevated performance ability, depletion of energy reserves, “fight or flight“) and the parasympathetic nervous system (purpose is to regenerate the organism, build-up of energy reserves, “rest and digest“), as well as the enteric nervous system (ENS; “abdominal brain“ or “gut brain“, runs through the entire gastrointestinal tract).
The major function of the endocannabinoid system is to inhibit the release of other neurotransmitters.
In a similar way CB1 is densely expressed in dorsal and primarily afferent regions of the spinal cord that are important for pain transmission, while being scarcely expressed in the brain stem that controls many vital functions. The responsiveness of the CB1 receptor is dynamic and it generates different levels of stimulation / physiologic effects depending on the region where it is expressed. The parasympathetic effects (“rest and digest”) of cannabis are predominant which can be exploited in the treatment of eating or metabolic disorders, amongst others; it is possible that this effect is based on the inhibition of the HPA stress axis.
The dopaminergic system that is important for motor control, motivation, concentration and other higher cognitive functions seems to be modulated by cannabinoids on various levels: CB1 receptors can be found on excitatory glutamatergic and inhibitory GABAergic neurons regulate the activity of dopamine neurons. Dopaminergic neurons can synthesize endocannabinoids, in turn act on (presynaptic) GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons and thereby inhibit them.
It is likely that the clinically observed positive therapeutic effects of medical cannabis in conditions such as ADHS, depression and Parkinson´s disease are due to the fine tuning of the dopaminergic systems. Dopamine also promotes blood circulation of the kidneys and modulates intestinal activity. Cannabinoid receptors in the basal ganglia and the cerebellum are involved in the modulation of fine-motor skills. An improved control of motor function through THC is clinically proven in neurological diseases such as the Tourette syndrome and Chorea Huntington.
However, in this case it seems as if the non-psychotropic phytocannabinoid CBD and should be preferred as active substance. CBD has been investigated in detail in clinical trials for the treatment of pharmaco-resistant epilepsy even in children. The endogenous opiate system is modulated by the endocannabinoid system which especially plays a role in the treatment of (neuropathic) chronic pain and spasticity, respectively: the effects of cannabinoids and opiates unfold synergistically which can be utilized to reduce the dose of opioid medication or to taper off entirely.
Besides the objectively measurable analgesia, cannabis seems to have positive effects on emotional assessment of pain that leads to an overall improved quality of life. Tumors (i.e. gliomas) and autoimmune disorders of the nervous system (multiple sclerosis), as well as neurodegenerative diseases (i.e. Alzheimer´s disease, ALS). Shows responsiveness to cannabinoid medication in animal models as well as in vitro studies.
Medical cannabis (or the active substance THC, respectively) is pharmaceutically approved
for the treatment of these diseases to improve pain symptoms, spasticity and cachexia.
https://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=SYMPATHETIC+PARASYMPATHETIC+CONTROL+OF+IMMUNE+SYSTEM&FORM=HDRSC3
Furthermore, possible curative effects can be explained by anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties of various other cannabinoids present in cannabis (i.e. CBD, CBG and CBC). Especially for dementia, various mechanisms were identified through which THC and CBD from cannabis prevent aggregation of beta-amyloid plaques in the brain, the most prominent pathologic marker of Alzheimer´s disease. In this light it is desirable that neuroscientists further investigate the promising effects of the endocannabinoid system and
its plant-based ligands for disorders of the nervous system, in order to allow more patients to benefit from the therapeutic potential of cannabinoid medication,
which usually has only moderate side effects.
https://www.bing.com/videos/
search?q=SYMPATHETIC+
PARASYMPATHETIC+CONTROL+OF+IMMUNE+SYSTEM&FORM=HDRSC3
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3820295/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocannabinoid_system
https://nnlifestyle.com/cbd-
and-its-effect-on-blood-pressure/
The Endocannabinoid System or the endogenous cannabinoid system was named after cannabis because the plant led to the discovery of this crucial physiological system. The system is made of up endocannabinoids and cannabinoid receptors, which help regulate many of our most basic functions like sleep and appetite.
Everyone has something called an endocannabinoid system made up …
These neurotransmitters affect the body in many different … examples: are as a child receiving that much anticipated Christmas present that you wanted. Or the feeling you gain when a crowd of people are excited at a sporting event and that winning feeling that lingers the next morning. Its also the excitement you receive after a concert and from listening to music or seeing a great ending to a movie.
https://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=3sEwoJv_NRc&feature=emb_title
Signs and symptoms of autonomic neuropathy vary, depending on which parts of your autonomic nervous system are affected. They may include:
Dizziness and fainting upon standing caused by a drop in blood pressure.
Urinary problems, including difficulty starting urination, urinary incontinence and an inability to completely empty your bladder, which can lead to urinary tract infections.
Sexual difficulties, including problems achieving or maintaining an erection (erectile dysfunction) or ejaculation problems in men, and vaginal dryness and difficulties with arousal and orgasm in women.
Difficulty digesting food, due to abnormal digestive function and slow emptying of the stomach (gastroparesis). This can cause a feeling of fullness after eating little, loss of appetite, diarrhea, constipation, abdominal bloating, nausea, vomiting, difficulty swallowing and heartburn.
Sweating abnormalities, such as excessive or decreased sweating, which affects the ability to regulate body temperature.
Sluggish pupil reaction, making it difficult to adjust from light to dark and causing problems with driving at night.Exercise intolerance, which may occur if your heart rate remains unchanged instead of appropriately increasing and decreasing in response to your activity level.
Peripheral expression of cannabinoid receptors led researchers to investigate the role of cannabinoids in the autonomic nervous system. Research found that the CB1 receptor is expressed presynaptically by motor neurons that innervate visceral organs. Cannabinoid-mediated inhibition of electric potentials results in a reduction in noradrenaline release from sympathetic nervous system nerves. Other studies have found similar effects in endocannabinoid regulation of intestinal motility, including the innervation of smooth muscles associated with the digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems.
https://emeraldhealthbio.com/pages/endocannabinoid-system
When it comes to cannabis its important not to overuse it and to strike a balance.
Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS), a variant of cyclic vomiting syndrome, is an enigmatic and challenging clinical disorder. As cannabis legalization, use, and potency has increased worldwide over the past decade, so has the prevalence of CHS. These patients often require acute care and inpatient treatment for refractory emesis, electrolyte derangement, dehydration, acute renal failure, and injury to the upper gastrointestinal tract. Routinely-prescribed antiemetics are frequently associated with treatment failure in CHS, necessitating use of sedating agents such as benzodiazepines and antipsychotics.
One way to curb the psychotic effect (the high of Thc) is black peppercorn under the tongue
or by taking a 250mg Citicoline capsule.
Hydrotherapy with hot water provides short-term symptomatic relief from acute episodes
of CHS. The reasons for this may be from chronic and/or excessive cannabis use leading to abnormal stimulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA) and sympathetic nervous system (SNS) in CHS patients. Overuse of cannabis may also lead to dysfunction
of the endocannabinoid system, which is essential for allostasis
of the autonomic nervous system after stress.
https://www.themcaa.net/the-endocannabiniod-system.html
https://friendlyaussiebuds.
com/australian-cannabis-
education/acs-endocannabinoid-system/