I have a 75 per cent risk of developing Alzheimer’s – here’s what I’m doing to stay healthy
Anxiety Is Now Tied to Dementia:
Here’s How Much It Increases the Risk
Story by Gillian Manning
Anxiety disorders are the most common mental health challenge in the U.S. About 19% of American adults have an anxiety disorder, according to the National Alliance on Mental Health.
About 6.7 million Americans over the age of 65 have Alzheimer’s dementia and, barring any medical breakthroughs, that number could reach 13.8 million by 2060.
These statements are more connected than you may have guessed.
A recent study published in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society found a link between anxiety (chronic and new-onset) and a higher risk of dementia.
The research team, associated with the University of Newcastle in Australia, analyzed medical data on more than 2,000 people who were followed for 10 years, on average.
The average age in the group was 76.
Participants with chronic anxiety had a 2.8 times higher risk of developing dementia during the study period, compared with participants who did not have anxiety.
Those with new-onset anxiety had a 3.2 times higher risk of developing dementia.
Risks were even higher for those whose anxiety started before age 70.
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The good news is that resolved anxiety was not associated with an increased risk of dementia.
Researchers write, “These results suggest that timely management of anxiety may be a viable strategy in reducing the risk of dementia.”
Relief from anxiety is possible. Research published in 2020 in the Journal of Affective Disorders concluded that about 70% of participants with a history of generalized anxiety disorder were later free from the disorder and 40% were in “excellent mental health.”
The American Psychiatric Association found that over the past two years, the percentage of adults who feel anxious has risen from 32% in 2022 to 47% in 2024.
And, according to a new study, those increased rates of anxiety could mean increased rates of dementia. The study, published in the Journal of American Geriatric Society, found that anxiety can increase adults’ risk for developing dementia—by up to 3 times.
But the study also found some good news: anxiety is a manageable risk.
“The study confirms what we’ve long known: anxiety disrupts our well-being,” says Julie Manuel, clinical program manager at Kettering Health Behavioral Medical Center. “ As we learn more about mental health disorders and their connection to our overall health, it becomes even more important to learn healthy coping strategies.”
What to know about the study
The study, conducted in Australia, followed 2,132 people ages 60 to 81 for 10 years. The average participant age was 76. Researchers asked participants about their emotional health using a 10-question evaluation (called the Kessler Psychological Distress scale).
Participants were interviewed twice, five years apart.
Those who responded as anxious during both interviews were considered to have chronic anxiety. Those who responded as anxious after only the second interview were considered to have new onset anxiety.
For those with chronic anxiety, the study showed that they were 2.8 times more likely to develop dementia in 10 years. Those with new onset anxiety, 3.2 times more likely.
The risks were even higher for those whose anxiety started before they were 70.
But those who reported as anxious after the first but not the second interview (considered having resolved anxiety) showed no increased risk for dementia.
In other words, “the study suggests that by managing anxiety,” Julie says, “we can manage its risks on our future health.”
Similarly, the researchers conclude that “These results suggest that timely management of anxiety may be a viable strategy in reducing the risk of dementia.”
How anxiety affects our health
“Some anxiety is normal,” Julie says. “A fight with your best friend, stress over an upcoming project at work—these usually resolve or are fixable. But chronic anxiety is exhausting, emotionally and physically.” It puts a lot of wear and tear on the body.
Chronic anxiety leads to health issues, such as
- Cardiovascular disease, such as congestive heart failure, stroke, and cardiac arrest.
- Weight gain and slower metabolism
- Brain cell damage, including loss of neurons and neuron connections (called cerebral atrophy)
All of these increase one’s risk for dementia.
Much of this wear and tear has to do with the effect of stress hormones.
Anxiety engages our “fight, flight, or freeze” reflex, which sends hormones like adrenaline and cortisol through our body. The process is dramatic; it’s our body’s version of slamming on the brakes or gas pedal to avoid danger.
And these hormones are potent—increasing our heart rate, redirecting blood flow, and focusing our attention. But it’s a temporary reaction. Or, at least, it’s supposed to be. Our bodies can’t thrive under a constant wash of stress hormones.
Along with inflammation, a regularly elevated heart rate and cortisol levels can lead to cognitive decline.
“When we can’t control our worry, our fear, and feeling overwhelmed, it really impacts our brains,” Julie says. “If not controlled or managed, anxiety could accelerate how they deteriorate, leading to symptoms of dementia.”
In 2020, more than 55 million people lived with dementia. By 2050, experts anticipate that number will more than double. For adults, then, learning to manage anxiety and its effects, like high blood pressure, can help reduce the risk of dementia.
Managing your anxiety
Of course, there’s some irony in reading an article about anxiety and dementia. You may not feel any less anxious right now. But the point that both the study and Julie emphasize is you can do something about the impact anxiety has on your future health and well-being.
Unlike everyday stress, Julie clarifies that “anxiety often does not have an easily identified trigger.” So instead of hunting for triggers, she recommends watching for symptoms, such as
- Feeling irritable
- Periods of dread
- Having trouble sleeping
- A lingering sense of nervousness
- Regularly catastrophizing and assuming “worst-case scenarios”
To manage your anxiety, start with lifestyle habits. Many of which take only a few minutes a day, such as
- Staying physically active
- Journaling to put words to your feelings
- Talking to friends or family
- Keeping an eye on your nutrition
She also points to learning ways to relax and ground yourself, like walking, deep breathing, and mindfulness activities. These are proven to help calm the brain and lower your heart rate.
Anxiety can also be managed through therapy and, if necessary, with medication. “Medications can help,” Julie says, “but therapies such as CBT (cognitive behavioral therapy) or exposure therapy can be helpful with a trained clinician.”
When should you reach out to a therapist? Julie says when your symptoms interfere with your life.
Do your future brain a favor
Dementia can’t always be prevented. Having it in your family history does increase your risks. But you can do things to stay ahead of it. Namely, recognizing the signs of dementia and talking with a physician as soon as possible.
And if you’re an adult dealing with anxiety, don’t hide or downplay it. Anxiety isn’t rare. It’s estimated that more than 300 million people experience it. But not taking it seriously can impact your future health.
The good news is, though, you can do something about it today to help your future self tomorrow.
I heard anesthesia was tied to dementia
What Medications Should Not Be Given to People with Dementia?
Living with the cognitive changes of dementia can be challenging, and certain medications can make your symptoms worse — or may even be their cause.
Dementia is an umbrella term that describes impaired memory loss and changes to cognition in various medical conditions. While it’s commonly associated with older people, dementia isn’t a part of typical aging.
The exact reason why some people develop dementia and some people don’t is unknown, but certain medications may increase your risk.
If you’re already living with dementia, some medications may also worsen your current symptoms.
Medications that worsen dementia symptoms
Medication may be necessary from time to time, especially as you age, but many drugs come with their own set of side effects, some of which can impact your thinking and reasoning.
Taking these medications when you live with dementia may make your symptoms feel like they’re getting worse.
Anticholinergics
Medications that block the neurotransmitter acetylcholine are known as anticholinergic drugs. They have a wide application in the medical world as treatments for respiratory disorders, incontinence, and certain mental health conditions, among many others.
Anticholinergics work well for many conditions because they impact your parasympathetic nervous system, a network of nerves that encourage relaxation and restorative rest.
Dementia is already associated withTrusted Source lowered levels of acetylcholine in the brain, which is why taking anticholinergics — which further restrict acetylcholine — can worsen symptoms.
Common anticholinergics include:
- antihistamines
- Parkinson’s disease medications
- pupil dilators
- anti-nausea medications
- incontinence drugs
- antidepressants
- antipsychotics
Taking these medications may cause side effects that make dementia symptoms worse such as:
Additionally, a 2018 review of studiesTrusted Source found that antipsychotics can increase the risk of death in people with dementia. The article recommended avoiding antipsychotics as a treatment for dementia.
Benzodiazepines
Benzodiazepines are drugs often prescribed to treat insomnia and anxiety. They’re known as depressants, which work by slowing down the function of your central nervous system.
Benzodiazepines have a sedating effect. They can make your thought processes feel slower than typical. These medications can also cause irritability, amnesia, vivid dreams, and hypnosis.
Common benzodiazepine medications include:
- alprazolam
- diazepam
- estazolam
- flurazepam
- clonazepam
- lorazepam
- temazepam
Corticosteroids
Corticosteroids work throughout your body by mimicking the action of the hormone, cortisol. Cortisol not only helps suppress inflammation but is also an important part of many other biological functions.
One of the potential impacts of corticosteroid use is that of imbalanced neurotransmitters in the brain. Serotonin, norepinephrine, and gamma-aminobutyric acid disruption can lead to symptoms such as:
- depression
- mood shifts
- anxiety
- memory changes
- altered emotional processing
- psychosis
Common corticosteroids include:
- cortisone
- hydrocortisone
- prednisone
I heard cortisone shots are tied to dementia – Search Videos
Beta-blockers and statins
Both beta-blockers and statins are medications used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. In rare cases, impaired cognitive function has been reportedTrusted Source while using these medications.
Chemotherapy drugs
Chemotherapy is known for the side effect casually referred to as “chemo brain,” a mental fogginess that can affect memory and mental acuity.
While it can often be improved after chemotherapy has ended, it may make the symptoms of dementia temporarily more intense.
Drugs that increase dementia risk
For many of the same reasons they can make symptoms of dementia worse, certain medications may increase the risk of developing dementia over all.
Anticholinergics
Anticholinergic medications, in particular, have been linked to an increased dementia risk in addition to their ability to exacerbate existing symptoms.
In 2019, a case-controlled studyTrusted Source of almost 300,000 medical records spanning more than a decade found anticholinergic medications were associated with a 50% increased chance of developing dementia for people who had been taking those medications daily for at least 3 years.
The study found that out of all anticholinergic drugs, antidepressants, antipsychotics, Parkinson’s medications, epilepsy drugs, and bladder medications carried the highest dementia development risk. However, the study wasn’t able to conclude that anticholinergics directly cause dementia.
Beta-blockers
No large-scale studies have linked beta-blockers to an overall increased chance of developing dementia.
A small 2020 population-based studyTrusted Source, however, found beta-blocker use was associated with an increased risk of vascular dementia, a type of dementia caused by changes in blood flow to the brain.
Corticosteroids
Corticosteroid use may result in a type of reversible dementia known as “steroid dementia.” This medication-induced form of cognitive impairment can resolve after stopping corticosteroid use.
Opioids
While opioid use has been primarily an area of concern when it comes to fall risk in dementia, it may also play a role in the development of the condition.
A 2022 study of more than 8,000 people in an Israel healthcare facility found opioid use was associated with an increased risk of dementia development in people between the ages of 75 and 80.
Benzodiazepines
Research on whether or not benzodiazepines can cause dementia is conflicting.
Anxiety and agitation can be early symptoms of dementia. Because of this, it’s unclear if benzodiazepines, which are used to treat these symptoms, can be a cause of dementia or if undiagnosed dementia was the reason for symptoms in the first place.
In 2019, a review of studiesTrusted Source found benzodiazepine use, particularly that of long-acting benzodiazepines, significantly increased dementia risk in older adults.
According to research from 2022Trusted Source, however, there appears to be little evidence that supports benzodiazepines as a direct cause of dementia. Because of the uncertainty, researchers suggest using these medications with caution in older populations.
Alzheimer’s Disease and Anxiety
Medically Reviewed by Christopher Melinosky, MD on November 27, 2022
Anxiety is a feeling of uneasiness, nervousness, or fear. Everyone feels anxious sometimes, but feeling that way often or all the time can affect your health.
As many as 3 in 4 people with Alzheimer’s disease may have some level of anxiety.
It’s often one reason behind challenging behaviors like wandering and aggression.
People with Alzheimer’s disease may have trouble saying how they feel. You may not know when your loved one is worrying or feeling anxious. You might instead notice other signs, such as:
- Avoiding social situations
- Irritability
- Agitation
- Restless behaviors like wandering, doing the same thing over and over, or not staying still
- Muscle tension, even if they’re not aware of feeling anxious
- Not sleeping well
Emotional Triggers
Some medications can treat anxiety, but they often don’t work well for older people and people with Alzheimer’s disease. Instead, it can be helpful to figure out what might be causing your loved one’s anxiety and try to address it.
Think carefully about what happened right before they seemed anxious and look for possible reasons:
Could they be uncomfortable?
- Could they feel sick?
- Could they feel hungry, thirsty, hot, cold, or tired?
- Could they need a bathroom? Are their clothes uncomfortable?
- Could they be in pain?
Could they be confused?
- Could they believe something is happening that isn’t? For example, do they accuse you of things that are not true?
- Could they be seeing or hearing things that are not there?
- Are they not able to understand what is being said or what is happening?
- Do they forget where things are around the home?
Could they have too much or too little activity?
- Are they bored?
- Are they lonely?
- Are they overwhelmed because they’ve been asked to do too much?
Could they be upset because of a recent change in routine?
- Have they recently moved to a new place?
- Have they moved in with someone new, or has someone new moved in with them?
- Has there been a change in their daily routine?
Could their surroundings be upsetting them?
- Are they in an unfamiliar place or one that they don’t recognize?
- Are they somewhere noisy or busy?
- Have they been around many people whom they don’t know?
- Could they feel that people are treating them differently, or like a child?
- Could they be responding to your emotions?
- Could caffeine, alcohol, or other drugs be part of the problem?
Did they have anxiety before they had Alzheimer’s disease?
- What sorts of things caused anxiety before they had Alzheimer’s disease?
- Could they be worrying over the same things now?
Care at Home
Once you think you know what may be behind the anxiety, make a plan to help make it better. If the first thing you try doesn’t work, try something else. You may need to try several things, and something may work one day and not the next. If nothing seems to help, talk with a doctor or counselor.
You might:
- Take them for a walk, offer them a snack, or ask them to help you do something.
- Take them for a ride in a car so they have something to talk about as this gives them something to talk about and add to their life journey.
- Play their favorite music or Anxiety Dementia and Exercise – Search Videos
- Reassure them that they’re safe and that you’re here to help.
- If they let you touch them, hold their hand, give them a hug, or give them a massage.
- Help them get gentle exercise, such as going for a walk or helping in the garden.
- If they had anxiety in the past, help them do things that helped before if possible. Examples could include taking deep breaths or sitting in a relaxing place.
If they’re uncomfortable:
- Offer food and drink if you think they might be hungry or thirsty.
- Offer a sweater or a blanket if they seem cold.
- Turn on a fan or move them to a cooler room if they seem warm.
- See if they need a bathroom, or if they need a change of clothes because of incontinence.
If they’re confused:
- Make sure hearing aids are working and they’re wearing glasses if they need them.
- Put labels on items and rooms around the house that they might have trouble finding.
- If they repeat questions, give them a calm answer each time they ask. Don’t get angry or tell them they’re repeating things.
- Speak in short, simple sentences, and give them time to respond.
If the anxiety is caused by their surroundings:
- Remove distractions when possible. Turn off the TV or stay away from busy places.
- Stick to a daily routine as much as possible.
- Use brighter indoor lighting.
- Limit or avoid caffeine and alcohol.
If there’s too much activity:
- Give them simple activities.
- Give them time to rest after activities.
- Don’t rush or correct them.
- Speak slowly and calmly.
- Stay away from busy, crowded, or strange places.
If they’re bored:
- People with Alzheimer’s disease often find it hard to start activities on their own. It helps to plan things for them to do.
- When planning activities, think about things they liked to do in the past.
Anxiety and Aggression
Sometimes people with Alzheimer’s show anxiety by becoming agitated. This can sometimes turn into aggressive behavior like hitting, pushing, or yelling. If your loved one tends to become agitated or aggressive, you can do some things to keep everyone safe:
- Keep dangerous things like guns, knives, glass, and sharp or heavy objects out of the house or locked away.
- If you can’t calm them down, give them space.
- Consider asking someone nearby, like a neighbor, to be ready to help if needed.
Anxiety is tied to dementia – Search Videos
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